Energetic materials – basic division
Chemistry is a important part of many engineering branches. Pyrotechnics is one of these branches, and in this article, we are describing basics about pyrotechnics in context of explosives. An explosive material is a material that is more or less chemically stable, and can, by activation, cause a sudden expansion of matter, often accompanied with heat and pressure producton. Explosions are mostly very loud, and are acompanied by a bright flash.
There are two basic groups of explosives: low and high explosives. One of the main differences between them is the speed at which they burn, or deflargate. While the deflergation speed of low explosives usually varies between only few centimeters to hundreds of meters per second; the speed of deflergation of high explosives can reach values as high as several thousands meters per second, with some explosives deflergating even at speeds higher than ten thousand meters per second. Thus, in the field of high explosives, we don’t even talk about deflergation any more, but detonation instead. Along with the mentioned difference, there is also a difference in the composition of these most important two groups of energetic materials. Low explosives are mostly compositions of several chemical compounds. On the other hand, high explosives are mostly only one chemically pure compound, with eventually added chemicals to enhance some of the desired properties of the main explosive compound.
There are also various other types of explosives within the mentioned two basic groups, but there is much more to write about these subtypes, than it would fit into one article. If one is more interested in explosives, it is not a bad idea to start with basic chemistry lessons first, because of the fact that chemistry is a large and one of the most important parts of pyrotechnics as an engineering branch.
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